DeckingDeck Calculator

Deck Calculator

Calculate deck boards, joists, footings, and costs for pressure treated, cedar, composite, and PVC decking. Get a complete material list and cost estimate.

Deck Details

Ready to calculate

Select a material and enter dimensions

Deck Material Comparison

MaterialBoard SizeCost/sqftLifespanMaintenance
Pressure Treated5/4×6"$3.5/sqft10-15 yearsHigh
Cedar5/4×6"$6/sqft15-20 yearsMedium
Composite Standard1"×5.5"$8/sqft25-30 yearsLow
Composite Premium1"×5.5"$13/sqft30-50 yearsVery Low
PVC1"×5.5"$10/sqft25-30 yearsVery Low

Expert Contributors

Why expert review matters

Every calculator is reviewed by certified professionals to ensure accuracy.Hawkin's CCP, CEP certification ensures professional-grade precision.

Pro Tips

  • Space joists at 16" on center for most decking — composite manufacturers often require 12" OC for diagonal patterns to prevent sagging
  • Use stainless steel or coated deck screws, never galvanized nails — ACQ-treated lumber corrodes standard hardware within 2-3 years
  • Pre-drill board ends within 2 inches of edges to prevent splitting, especially on pressure treated lumber in the first season
  • Leave a 1/8" gap between boards for drainage and expansion — use a 16d nail as a spacer for consistent gaps across the entire deck

Common Questions

How many deck boards do I need?

Divide deck width (inches) by 5.625" (board + gap), multiply by boards per row (length / board length), then add 10-15% for waste.

How far apart should joists be?

16" OC is standard. Use 12" OC for diagonal layouts or composite over long spans. 24" OC only for 2x6 boards.

How much does a deck cost?

Materials: $3.50-13/sqft depending on material. Add $20-28/sqft for professional labor. A 12x16 PT deck DIYs for ~$2,500-3,500.

How many footings does a deck need?

One footing every 6-8 feet along beam lines. A 12x16 deck typically needs 3-4 footings, each using 3 bags of 80lb concrete.

Do I need a railing?

Code requires railings when the deck is 30+ inches above grade. Railings must be 36" minimum height with balusters no more than 4" apart.

Pressure treated vs composite?

PT costs less upfront ($3.50 vs $8-13/sqft) but needs annual maintenance. Composite lasts 25-50 years with no maintenance — lower lifetime cost for 15+ year decks.

How the Calculator Works

Enter your deck dimensions, select a material, and choose your options. The calculator determines total area, then calculates board count based on effective board width (5.5" + 1/8" gap), joist count from spacing, posts from beam spans, and concrete bags for footings. Stairs and railing are calculated separately based on deck height and perimeter.

1

Calculate Area

Area = Length x Width (+ secondary section if L-shape)

2

Board Count

Rows = ceil(width_in / 5.625) x boards/row x (1 + waste%)

3

Framing & Footings

Joists = floor(length_in / spacing) + 1 | Posts = ceil(length / 8) + 1

Key Formulas

Boards = ceil(width_in / 5.625) x ceil(length / board_len) x (1 + waste)

Joists = floor(length_in / joist_spacing) + 1

Concrete bags = posts x 3 (80lb each)

Stair steps = round(height_in / 7.5)

Joist Span Reference

2x6 @ 16" OC
9' 9" span
2x8 @ 16" OC
13' 1" span
2x10 @ 16" OC
16' 2" span
2x12 @ 16" OC
18' 0" span
Beam: dbl 2x8
up to 8'
Beam: dbl 2x10
up to 10'
Beam: dbl 2x12
up to 12'